01632nas a2200193   4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001000186490000700196520078800203653023600991100001701227700001901244700001501263700001501278700001601293700002301309856010601332       2002                        eng d00aFilamentous fungi as cell factories for heterologous protein production0 aFilamentous fungi as cell factories for heterologous protein pro  a200-60 v203 aFilamentous fungi have been used as sources of metabolites and enzymes for centuries. For about two decades, molecular genetic tools have enabled us to use these organisms to express extra copies of both endogenous and exogenous genes. This review of current practice reveals that molecular tools have enabled several new developments. But it has been process development that has driven the final breakthrough to achieving commercially relevant quantities of protein. Recent research into gene expression in filamentous fungi has explored their wealth of genetic diversity with a view to exploiting them as expression hosts and as a source of new genes. Inevitably, the progress in the ’genomics’ technology will further develop high-throughput technologies for these organisms.10aFermentation/genetics/physiology Fungi/*genetics/*metabolism Humans Interleukin-6/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics Peroxidases/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics Protein Conformation Recombinant Proteins/analysis/*biosynthesis/genetics1 aPunt, P., J.1 avan Biezen, N.1 aConesa, A.1 aAlbers, A.1 aMangnus, J.1 avan den Hondel, C.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11943375